نمونه ترجمه

Background and objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of healthy pregnant women to evaluate changes in the peripheral nervous system while considering the variations in neurophysiological and clinical parameters. In addition, the previously claimed effects of increasing the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome or polyneuropathy were investigated.

Method: A total of 30 healthy pregnant women

were studied twice over the course of a year. The sensory examination of the upper and lower limbs, the tests for carpal tunnel syndrome, and electrodiagnostic testing, including sensory, motor, and F-wave studies from the median, ulnar, sural, and tibial nerves were also performed. Patients with any disorder in these nerves were excluded from the study in the initial examination.

Results: There were no sensory issues in the subjects during the research period, and the electrodiagnostic values were stable. The only enhanced parameter was the median nerve sensory issue delay in a 14cm stimulation from the active electrode, which was significant and within the acceptable range for electrodiagnostic criteria (P=0.008 and P=0.003 for the right and left sides, respectively).

Conclusion: From a clinical and electrodiagnostic point of view, the studied pregnant women did not suffer from polyneuropathy or carpal tunnel syndrome, but the delay rate of peripheral nerves was increased.

Abstract

Introduction: Pre-hospital emergency is the first level of medical care that patients receive when injured. As an employee of a high-risk pre-hospital emergency center, where asymptomatic infections and non-specific symptoms are common, employees are likely to come into contact with blood, secretions, excretions, and body fluids, which can result in infection and transmission. Pre-hospital emergency workers can become contaminated during the COVID-19 pandemic, making it difficult to control the outbreak. The self-care behaviors and compliance with standard precautions of employees contribute to protecting and maintaining their safety. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-care and compliance with standard precautions in pre-hospital emergency employees of Arak Province, Iran.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 re-hospital emergency employees, who were selected using the convenient sampling method. The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, Self Care Inventory-Revised Version (SCI-R), and The Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS). Then, the collected data were imported to SPSS software and analyzed by statistical tests with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Based on the self-care questionnaire, the highest mean was respectively in the professional (40.55±5.338), physical (36.08±5.320), emotional (33.30±4.209), and spiritual (32.50±6.157) dimensions, and the lowest was the psychological dimension (26.53 ± 3.712). Compliance with standard precautions was moderate in pre-hospital emergency employees during COVID-19, which significantly affected self-care and all its dimensions. In addition, there was a significant relationship between participants’ age and emotional dimension, work experience and spiritual dimension, field of study and marital status with professional dimension, and work experience during COVID-19 and spiritual and psychological dimensions of the self-care questionnaire.

Conclusion: According to the results, there was a significant relationship between self-care and compliance with standard precautions in the pre-hospital emergency employees of Arak. Further, some demographic variables relating to self-care and standard precautions require pre-hospital emergency employees to receive more training and attention.

Keywords: Pre-hospital emergency, Self-care, Compliance with standard precautions, COVID-19

High Incidence (Prevalence) of Intracranial Hemorrhage and its Associated Factors in Acute Stroke Patients after Receiving Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Abstract:

Background & Objective: Stroke is one of the most prevalent causes of disability and the third most significant cause of mortality worldwide after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In other words, stroke is a kind of syndrome due to impaired cerebral circulation, characterized by the acute onset of neurological disorders for at least 24 hours. Tissue plasminogen activator is validated in treating stroke and associated disabilities, and it is injected following the onset of symptoms for acute stroke patients. A specific group of patients nominated based on criteria takes this drug. Hemorrhagic lesions, such as intracranial hemorrhage, are among the critical effects of this type of treatment, leading to intensifying initial symptoms and death in patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hemorrhagic complications and intracranial hemorrhage as the essential limiting complication of this treatment to determine the most related criterion to the incidence. Therefore, nominated people for taking this drug will be selected more carefully to decrease the incidence of this complication in these patients.

Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes in Diabetic and Healthy Women

Abstract

Background & Objective: Gestational diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to recognize its outcomes and complications. The present study aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes in diabetic and healthy women.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 380 diabetic and healthy women, who were divided into two groups of 190, at Moatazedi Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019. The participants were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist designed based on the family records of the participants. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: A significant correlation was observed between gestational age, maternal body mass index, birth weight, infant’s height, mode of delivery (P<0.01), preeclampsia (P=0.01), and the family history of diabetes (P=0.03) in the diabetic and healthy pregnant women. However, no significant correlation was denoted between the five- and 10-minute Apgar scores, maternal disorders, and maternal care during pregnancy.

Conclusion: According to the results, gestational diabetes is associated with an increase rate of complications, which must be diminished through prevention and disease control to promote maternal and neonatal health.

A control method is presented to control AUG Attitude, which uses input and output data online to access the attitude control. The control method is based on three section, including neural network, 2-PID, and relay feedback, although there some questions on the presented method.

A neural controller is implemented on a non-linear, nonholonomic, and multiple-input and multiple-output WMR, which does not consider the system model [1]. This research compares the method of using a neural network-based PID controller. A neural network-based method with input-output data is presented regardless of system model to track a moving target using a quadrotor [2]. In this study, neural network convergence with Lipapanov is presented and the quadrotor system is nonlinear and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)to evaluate the effect of perturbation and noise. A neural network-based approach is presented in a robust and adaptive manner for a quadrotor [3] in which neural network training is online, and the stability of the method were proven by Lyapunov theory [4]. A predictive controller was designed and implemented for WMR using a neural network [5] to provide a robust method for slip control in ABS using a neural network based on an online updating. In addition, the stability of the method were proven by the Lyapunov method, and many studies can be cited regarding the control using neural networks.

A family consists of a group of individuals united in a marital relationship, which influences the individual’s formation in a community. The presence of a child or adoption in the family is considered normal by the international community. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), family is a major factor in increasing health and well-being. There has always been a kind of family organization among all social groups and civilization stages. The family has always existed as a global social group despite its changes over time. In terms of traditional life, the family has been the main place for managing family members, as well as fighting individual social problems and dangers. Good family intervention can reduce the disease symptoms when a person becomes ill and increase the duration and effectiveness of the drug, leading to increased patient function for up to 24 months. Autism is a developmental disorder with various symptoms in different ages. The patients' performance is monitored for up to 24 months to diagnose early social and communication disorders, as well as difficult and repetitive behavioral patterns and interests.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder diagnosed based on early signs with social and communication disorders and severe behavioral patterns and interests (Kano et al., 2021; Vero, 2013). ASD signs vary according to age and ability, and parents usually pay attention to the symptoms in the first two years of their child's life. Early cognitive-behavioral interventions can help the child acquire communication, social and personal support skills, but few of these children reach this level of development. The culture of dealing with autism has grown so that some seek specific therapies, and others consider it as a difference rather than a disorder (Fouladgar et al., 2016: 22).

The COVID-19 outbreak has increased mental disorders such as stress along with physical problems. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress of Gonabad students during the outbreak in 2020. In this descriptive correlational research, 364 students of Gonabad were included by quota sampling method according to the number of students in each university. The research instruments consisted of a demographic information questionnaire, Bradbury and Greaves’ emotional intelligence inventory, and Cohen's perceived stress questionnaire, collected by the web-based method. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, as well as Pearson and Spearman correlation tests in SPSS. The results indicated a significant relationship between age and emotional intelligence among the demographic information. No significant relationship was observed in other demographic information between emotional intelligence and perceived stress. There was a significant and inverse relationship between all components of emotional intelligence, as well as emotional intelligence score except self-management component with perceived stress during COVID-19. According to measurements, perceived stress decreases by increasing the level of emotional intelligence in students. Therefore, it is recommended to consider workshops related to enhancing the level of emotional intelligence at the university level for students, especially during the outbreak.

چه در ایالات‌متحده، اروپا یا آسیا باشید چه هر جای دیگر، همه جا می‌توانید آنها را ببینید حتی در آینه! امروزه بسیاری از مصرف‌کنندگان گاهی اوقات عمدا طبقه‌بندی را نادیده می‌گیرند. آنها (یا شاید ze، eir، thon، vae، or ne) مشتاق رهایی از پارتیشن‌ها (پارتیشن‌های مخصوص بازاریابی برای بازاریابان)، عناوین و برچسب‌ها، "بخش‌های بازار" هستند؛ مخصوصا قفس‌های محصورکننده‌ای که آنها را از بیان خود منحصربه‌فردشان که با استفاده از "مواد اولیه" سبک زندگی خودشان ساخته‌اند محدود می‌کند و اینکه بیشتر بازاریابان مجبورند خود را به این صورت ارائه بدهند. در واقع، زندگی آنها کار در حال پیشرفت است و همیشه در مرحله بتا است. در آن زمان، ما جهان را بر اساس مقوله‌های بسیار وسیع تصور می‌کردیم. ما جهان اول را در مقابل جهان سوم، جوان را در مقابل پیر، بچه‌ها را در مقابل عروسک‌ها، و مردم خودمان را در مقابل سایر افراد می‌دیدیم. با پایان یافتن از جنگ جهانی دوم، ماشین بازاریابی ارتقا یافت تا غنائم رفاه را در اختیار ما قرار دهد، اما تنوع چندانی در آن وجود نداشت. به دنبال محرومیت از زمان جنگ، افزایش تقاضا برای کالا و خدمات در اقتصاد زیاد بود، به طوری که افراد وقتی پول در می‌آوردند خیلی به قوانین رسمی و جزییات توجه نمی‌کردند و فشارها برای تقلید و انطباق با آنچه دیگران انتخاب کردند نیز بسیار شدید بود. افسوس که مشتریان شما در مورد آنچه شما می‌فروشید فکر نمی‌کنند. متاسفم که اين خبر بد را به شما می‌دهم، اما آنها واقعاً به سهم بازار شما اهمیت نمی‌دهند. وقتی تصمیم می‌گیرند که چیزی را که می‌فروشید بخرند یا نه، اهداف دیگری غیر پاداش سالانه شما را در نظر دارند. این‌طور فکر کنید: یک بازاریاب یک لامپ می‌فروشد، اما مصرف‌کننده یک اتاق نشیمن می‌خرد. بازاریاب دیگر یک بلوز می‌فروشد، اما مصرف‌کننده لباس می‌خرد. یکی دیگر یک یک نوع پیش غذا می‌فروشد، اما یک مصرف‌کننده یک تجربه غذا خوردن را خریداری می‌کند. الان متوجه منظورم شدید. بنابراین، خریدار هر آیتم را نه فقط برای اینکه ببیند چگونه با سایر جایگزین‌های مستقیم ترکیب می‌شود، بلکه از نظر نحوه هماهنگی آن با سایر محصولات و خدمات ارزیابی می‌کند. این کار به طور جمعی سلیقه و هویت اجتماعی آنها را بیان می‌کند. 

Ab-Initio Study of Modifying the I-V Curve of Polyphenylene-Based Molecular Diodes; the Role of Electrode

Abstract

This research simulated the transport properties in polyphenylene molecular devices with two different metal electrodes using ab-initio calculations, nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF), and density functional theory (DFT). First, the structure of polyphenylene (C₆H₄)_n, nitrobenzene C₆H₅NO₂, and aniline C₆H₅NH₂ molecules was created and relaxed using SIESTA code. Then, the two circuits were simulated two different types of electrodes in exactly the same conditions and sulfur clamp. The passing flow through each circuit was calculated in the voltage range of -2V to +2V in spin and non-spin mode using SIESTA code to investigate the transfer properties. The results showed that the use of gold electrode increases the passing flow through the circuit.

ضایعات تجهیزات الکتریکی و الکترونیکی، یا زباله­های الکترونیکی، نه تنها توسط دولت بلکه توسط مردم به دلیل محتویات مواد خطرناک مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در بررسی مقالات مروری، توزیع ارزش برای نمونه­های زباله­های الکترونیکی مختلف محاسبه شد. نشان داده شده است که عامل اصلی اقتصادی بازیافت زباله­های الکترونیکی، ناشی از بازیابی فلزات قیمتی است. بالاترین سطح توسعه در بازیابی فلزات قیمتی از ضایعات الکترونیکی با فرآیند پیرومتالورژی، فرآیند هیدرومتالورژی و فرآیند بیومتالورژی در مقاله مورد تاکید قرار گرفته است.

فرآیند پیرومتالورژی یک فناوری سنتی برای بازیابی فلزات قیمتی از ضایعات تجهیزات الکترونیکی بوده است. با این حال، پیشرفته­ترین دستگاه­های ذوب به سرمایه­گذاری وابسته هستند. تحقیقات اخیر در مورد بازیابی انرژی از ضایعات رایانه، مثالی برای استفاده از پلاستیک در این جریان پسماند ارائه می­دهد. این امر نشان می­دهد در صورت نصب یک سیستم جامع کنترل انتشار، فرآیند حرارتی یک روش ممکن برای بازیابی انرژی از زباله­های الکترونیکی را فراهم می­کند. در دهه اخیر، توجهات از فرآیند پیرومتالورژی به فرآیند هیدرومتالورژی برای بازیابی فلزات از زباله­های الکترونیکی دور شده است. در این مقاله، تکنیک­های فرآیند هیدرومتالورژی شامل لیچینگ سیانید، لیچینگ  هالید، لیچینگ  تیوره و لیچینگ  تیوسولفات فلزات قیمتی به تفصیل شرح داده شده است. به منظور توسعه یک روش سازگار با محیط زیست برای بازیابی فلزات قیمتی از ضایعات الکترونیکی، مقایسه انتقادی روش­های اصلی تصفیه برای هر دو امکان سنجی اقتصادی و تأثیرات زیست محیطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می­گیرد. اعتقاد بر این است که بیوتکنولوژی یکی از امیدوارکننده­ترین فناوری­ها در فرآیند متالورژی بوده است. سال­هاست که از بیولیچینگ برای بازیابی فلزات قیمتی و مس از سنگ معدن استفاده می­شود. با این حال، تحقیقات محدودی بر روی بیولیچینگ شدن فلزات از زباله­های الکترونیکی انجام شد. در این بررسی، تحقیقات اولیه در مورد موضوع ارائه شده است. علاوه بر این، مکانیسم­ها و مدل­های جذب بیولوژیکی یون­های فلز قیمتی از محلول­ها مورد بحث قرار می­­گیرد.